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Biosensors are analytical devices
that use a biologically derived material immobilized at a physicochemical
transducer to measure one or more analytes. This can be ions, small organic
molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, drug, toxins, cell and even bacteria.
One of the advantages of
Pharmacom's MAIDS technology is that it can be used for making artificial
"locks" for "molecular keys". The "molecular key" can be any type of molecule -
ranging from small molecules such as drug substances, amino acids or steroid
hormones to larger molecules such as nucleic acids or proteins. Large molecular
assemblies such as cells and viruses may also be perceived. In general, though,
the difficulty of making the imprinted materials increases with the size of the
selected key
molecule. Based on
Pharmacom's 4S architecture and MAIDS technology, a variety of biosensors can be
generated on an unified platform.

Biosensors combine the exquisite
selectivity of biology with the processing power of modern microelectronics and
optoelectronics to offer powerful new analytical tools with major applications
in medicine, environmental diagnostics and the food and processing industries.
Biosensors consist of
bio-recognition systems, typically enzymes or binding proteins, such as
antibodies, immobilized onto the surface of physicochemical transducers. The
term immunosensor is often used to describe biosensors which use antibodies as
their biorecognition system. In addition to enzymes and antibodies, the
biorecognition systems can also include nucleic acids, bacteria and single cell
organisms and even whole tissues of higher organisms. Specific interactions
between the target analyte and the complementary biorecognition layer produces a
physicochemical change which is detected and subsequently measured by the
transducer. The transducer can take many forms depending upon the parameters
being measured - electrochemical, optical, mass and thermal changes are the most
common. |