Regarding the DNA studies, the progress of the Human Genome Project has generated substantial interest in the use of nucleic acid hybridization technologies to detect and identify organisms and mutations. The sequence information that is generated by these projects is being used to develop biochips and genetic arrays based, on immobilized DNA probes, and such analytical systems are well suited for large-scale genetic screening.

DNA-interfaced biosensors and micro-array chips that are based on detection of hybridization/interaction of short strands of nucleic acids at surfaces offer platforms for applications such as screening of genomes, detection of pathogenic organisms, and efficient searching of compound libraries for detection of potential therapeutic agents. Among nucleic acids, we consider aptamers a new promising recognition element for the biosensor development.