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Cell-based biosensors are portable devices that contain living biological cells that monitor physiological
changes induced by exposure to environmental perturbations such as toxicants, pathogens or other agents.
Methods of detecting physiological changes include extracellular electrical recordings, optical measurements,
and, in the future, functional genomics and proteomics. Several technical developments are occurring
that will increase the feasibility of cell-based biosensors for field applications; these developments
include stem cell and 3D culture technologies. Possible scenarios for the use of cell-based biosensors
include broad-range detectors of unknown threat agents and functional assessment of identified agents.
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